Type 2 Diabetes: Cardiovascular and Related Complications and Evidence-Based Complementary Treatments

Level 2 & 3 CPE

Suggested Performance Indicators: 4.1.2, 6.2.5, 8.1.4, 8.1.5, 10.2.4

CPE Type: 720 for Printed/Paper Tests, 740 for Web-based/Online Tests

Upon successful completion, the users will be able to:

1. Explain four metabolic consequences of chronic hyperglycemia. 

2. Compare three mechanisms through which blood glucose is normally regulated and how they change with diabetes.

3. Identify five possible ways how chronic hyperglycemia can shorten a person’s life.

4. List three ways diabetes effects blood and blood vessels and three known consequences.

5. Explain physiologically how chronic hyperglycemia is linked to hypertension, atherosclerosis, changes in the heart, and thyroid hormones.

6. Identify four ways diabetes effects sight, hearing, and sensory functions.

7. Define “Advanced Glycated End Products” (AGEs) and five ways to reduce them in normal living.

8. Give three guidelines for medical nutrition therapies in disease prevention and management for patients with T2DB.

9. Name ten bioactive food compounds believed to lower blood sugar properties, which are also available in functional food sources.

10. Describe how inflammation is associated with the development of diabetes and list six supplements/functional foods that are known to reduce inflammation.

11. Distinguish between the dawn phenomenon and the Somogyi effect.

12. Recommend appropriate blood sugar targets for fasting and postprandial levels.

13. Calculate the ankle-brachial index (ABI).

14. Perform the Barnes test for low thyroid function.